Phosphoinositides (PIPns) are minor components of cellular membranes but are integral signaling molecules for cellular communication. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) is produced in stimulated cells by the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and/or lipid phosphatases (SHIP, TPTE, etc.). PI(3,4)P2 binds the pleckstrin homology (PH)-domain of AKT/PKB leading to cell survival and it also has an important role in podosome formation near focal adhesions.
GloPIPs are labeled at the sn-1 position with BODIPY®-FL (505/513), BODIPY®-TMR (544/574), or biotin. The sn-1 linkage in these labeled PIPs has been changed to a more stable amide from an ester. Results from experiments conducted at Echelon indicated that this minor chemical change did not have a significant effect in any of the applications tested.
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